VANADIUM POWER SOLUTIONS “VPS” FAQs

Q         What makes the VPS venture good for MKBY?

A.        The VPS venture fits perfectly into several segments of MKBY’s business strategies.

1.                   By joining forces with T/J Technologies, MKBY has locked up Vanadium supply rights for new energy storage applications designed by a group of research scientists widely recognized as leaders of scientific research for Vanadium oriented energy storage technologies.

2.                   MKBY is seeking contracts for supply of high purity Vanadium to accommodate financing requirements for the building of a C$360 million mine, refinery and manufacturing facility at the Lac Doré Vanadium deposit near Chibougamau, Quebec.  MKBY has a first right of refusal to supply ALL Vanadium to VPS.  This right means Lac Doré has a captive customer for huge anticipated quantities of high purity Vanadium Carbide, Nitride, and other oxides, a critical element to ensuring long-term growth for Lac Doré.

3.                   Our Dermond subsidiary and affiliate Ptarmigan Off-Grid Power complement T/J’s electricity storage inventions nicely. Ptarmigan participant Envitech specializes in the integration of electricity storage technologies with traditional and alternative power sources such as wind turbines. Ptarmigan has identified specific energy storage applications that are without solutions. Ptarmigan is developing a unique marketing strategy for in-grid and off-grid power quality, cost and UPS electricity solutions and Dermond’s Vertical Axis Wind Turbine. VPS will develop specific products for these applications using T/J’s technologies. 

4.                   As part owner of VPS, one must realize that the T/J alliance allows MKBY to participate in the development of a new industry “the storage of energy”. MKBY is now able to participate in any downstream values created by VPS activities. Also as an owner of VPS, MKBY opens up new horizons for strategic alliances with stakeholders in the electric storage industry expanding MKBY’s foothold in a new industry.

5.                   In summary: T/J has the invention; Ptarmigan has the ability to develop an integration device to make the invention function, identify market applications and support product marketing; and Lac Doré has the ability to provide massive quantities of high purity Vanadium oxides inexpensively.

Q.                 What is EnergySpan?

A.        EnergySpan is a new product combining ultracapacitor and battery technologies designed for specific markets. The Uninterruptible Power Supply “UPS” market was targeted because there isn’t a solution available today for applications requiring high power bursts over five to twenty seconds. EnergySpan can fill a critical need for industrial UPS demand.

Q.                 What is an ultracapacitor?

A.        An ultracapacitor is a hybrid combination of a battery and a capacitor. Conventional capacitors have high power densities but low energy storage, discharging in a few microseconds. Batteries have high-energy storage capability but perform poorly when delivering short high power pulses (density). Ultracapacitors store high levels of energy in a small volume and then release that energy in great power bursts. Ultracapacitors fill a niche by bridging the “energy vs. storage” gap between batteries and traditional capacitors. 

Q.        Are there any other potential applications for EnergySpan?

A.        Yes, Off-Grid power generation devices like diesel, wind and solar are unable to provide continuous power. MKBY’s expectations of EnergySpan’s capabilities leads us to believe the device may be an excellent solution for these applications. Other applications could include telecommunications, cell phones, computers and electric vehicles. Further research must be performed to determine the viability of these applications.

Q.        How is the motor vehicle industry being targeted for EnergySpan technology or any other technology identified by T/J?

A.        Ultracapacitors, working in conjunction with batteries and other systems found in electric and hybrid vehicles, have tremendous potential. Again, additional research and development projects are required.

Q.        How does EnergySpan differ from the Vanadium Redox Battery “VRB”?

A.        A VRB is a bulk energy storage battery capable of supplying huge quantities of electricity over several hours.  EnergySpan stores much smaller quantities of electricity and is capable of supplying great power bursts for a few seconds. EnergySpan is more suitable for short duration UPS makets.

Q.        What markets are suitable for EnergySpan and VRBs?

A.        VRBs are ideal when there is a need to store and supply vast amounts of electricity over great periods of time such as load-leveling or power storage and distribution applications. EnergySpan is much more suitable for UPS applications and those applications where short-term power bursts are needed when power sags, blips and surges occur.

Q.        What is the growth potential for UPS markets?

A.        Enormous. Demand for power quality increases every year as businesses require continuous power for more and more electronic devices. In the last 20 years, consumption of electricity in the USA has grown by over 100%. Electricity is now eight times more important than gas in the US economy. In 1990, 25% of the energy used was in the form of electricity, today it is 37%, by 2010 - 50%, and 90% by 2020 according to the Energy Information Administration. The continuous power market alone is expected to increase $119 billion now, to more than $500 billion annually in five to ten years according to a Digital Power Report.

Q.        How does VPS plan to market EnergySpan?

A.        VPS will seek to market EnergySpan through strategic alliances with industry leaders specializing in sales and service of products to targeted user applications. Ptarmigan will have a role in marketing through its efforts to market products for the Off-Grid applications.

Q.        Have there been any discussions with potential marketing partners?

A.        Yes, the company that introduced T/J to MKBY is recognized as a leader in sales and service for the telecommunication industry with strong ties to the computer and auto industries. This company has expressed a serious interest in joining VPS and discussions are ongoing. 

Q.        Is there any special marketing strategy for EnergySpan?

A.        Yes, MKBY’s affiliate company, Ptarmigan Off-Grid Energy, has determined that EnergySpan has tremendous potential when used within its Electricity Management System “EMS” as part of energy solutions being created for continuous, low cost, quality electricity. For example, because EnergySpan will reside “inline” it can be used with diesel generators to “fill in” for power sags and absorb power spikes, as the generator attempts to react to changes in the load. Currently, there are no products available to help generators provide stable, quality power.

            MKBY will also promote the same marketing strategy for EnergySpan as it is contemplating for other Vanadium-based energy products placing strong emphasis towards product leasing. Leasing eases a new product into the market by reducing the technology risk for the end user and deferring large costs at the time a product in purchased. For MKBY, leasing can create significant downstream values for our shareholders. VPS intends to pursue leasing or rental of EnergySpan units for larger units required for industrial applications. Outright sales are contemplated for other applications.

Q.        What do you expect Vanadium Carbide demand to be for EnergySpan?

A.        Until final engineering of the EnergySpan product is completed, one can only hazard a guess. However, if EnergySpan were to use the same amount of Vanadium Carbide as T/J’s ultracapacitor, a two second, 100 kW, unit for industrial applications would require about 2.2 pounds or 1,000 grams. Larger or smaller units for longer or shorter power bursts would require proportionately more or less Vanadium. The annual demand would likely be millions of pounds per year.

Q.        What is the expected gross annual revenue from the sale of Vanadium Carbide for EnergySpan units?

A.        A final selling price has not yet been determined and engineering of a commercial EnergySpan product has not been completed. But, say for instance, if the Lac Doré Vanadium product selling price were to be US$20 per pound and demand was 10 million pounds, gross revenue would be US$200 million annually. Additionally, MKBY would receive its share of VPS revenues from the sale or lease of EnergySpan units. Lac Doré is capable of producing massive quantities, reducing the selling price to a fraction of current prices (US$93/pound).

Q.                 When do you think the first EnergySpan unit will be sold?

A.                 Most likely some units will be pre-sold as early as sometime next year in anticipation of successful completion of Phase I & II described below. However, commercial installation of these units won’t start until sometime in early 2004.  It will be easier to forecast once development Phase I is completed. 

Q.                 How do you plan to supply Vanadium for sales before Lac Doré begins production?

A.        MKBY is planning to begin a pilot operation for the production of various Vanadium oxides early next year using small quantities of Vanadium from test recovery of Lac Doré ore and Vanadium supplied by other producers. Although production quantities would be much smaller than Lac Doré, sufficient Vanadium supplies could be provided to address start-up demand for EnergySpan units at very attractive prices competitive with current producers.

Q.        What is the development schedule?

A.        Current planned phased VPS development schedule and timeline is as follows:

I.          Engineering design work for Uninterrupted Power Supply “UPS” applications – three months

II.                 Build working EnergySpan units and obtain UL and CSA approvals in preparation for commercialization – twelve to eighteen months post Phase I

III.               Commercialize and market EnergySpan UPS applications – coincidentally with I and II above

IV.              Research, engineer and commercialize other EnergySpan applications – post or coincidentally with I, II and III

V.                 Research, engineer and commercialize other T/J identified Vanadium electricity storage technologies for other market applications – post or coincidentally with I, II, III and IV

Q.        How do plan to fund the development schedule?

A.        Phase I is funded by MKBY’s cash contribution on the formation of VPS. Strategic partner(s) who join VPS will be responsible for funding all other Phases.